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captioned movies for people with hearing loss

Movies without captions are generally inaccessible to people with hearing loss.

It is incomprehensible to me that our society can allow a portion of our population as large as the hearing loss segment to be denied access to something as commonplace as movies. Yet, that has been the reality for too many of us for too long. That appears to be changing, and it looks like movie access for people with hearing loss will continue to increase. 

November 1999 - Tripod (the captioning folks) report that some theaters are now dedicating one screen to continuous captioned movies. Read their November, 1999 response to our query about theaters that offer continuous captioning.  

February 2000 - A group of deaf people in Oregon filed a lawsuit against theater owners to require a captioning system called Rear Window Captioning in all movie theaters. While this sounds like a wonderful action that would cause universal acclaim within the hearing loss community, it actually created quite a brouhaha. Find out why in the Oregon Lawsuit story. You'll also want to read this story, in which Dot Johnson, one of the plaintiffs in the Oregon Lawsuit, provides her thoughts on the lawsuit.

April 2000 - A second captioning lawsuit is filed in Washington DC.

May 2000 - The National Association of the Deaf (NAD) states its position on the two captioning lawsuits and on the response provided by the National Association of Theater Owners.

April 2000 - Digital movies are coming!! What's the scoop on captioning for digital movies?

August 2000 - An innovative idea called BeamTitling may be the movie captioning system that everyone can agree on.

January 2001 - Would you pay $10 to watch a movie with the sound turned off? Approximately 28 million Americans with hearing loss must do exactly that. In an effort to draw attention to the accessibility needs of people who are deaf, hard of hearing or late-deafened, the Coalition for Movie Captioning (CMC) has released a strongly worded policy statement asserting the rights of people with hearing loss "to attend any showing of any movie in any theater at any time." We've also included a couple of interesting reader responses in this article.

May 2001 - Tripod Captioned Movies Available in Australia

September 2001 - Britain Tests DTS-CSS Captioning System

February 2002 - AMC Adds Captioned Films to Website

May 2002 - A movie theater that had been showing captioned movies for years stopped doing so. Here are several interesting opinions about why they did so and what people think about it.

May 2002 - CMC Documents Lack of Captioned Movies

October 2002 - For a short review of Rear Window captioning and a list of cities that have Rear Window - equipped theaters, check out the Rear Window Captioning Update.

December 2002 - Here's an article about a great idea to help ensure continued access to captioned movies - Tax Incentives for Captioned Movies?

February 2003 - The Coalition for Movie Captioning just released a report on captioned movie status for 2002. Here's the press release.

February 2003 - What's the status of captioned movies in the US? Well, it's really pretty dismal. Here's the CMC's report for 2002.

January 2004 - You may have heard about a lawsuit regarding the lack of captioned movies in the Washington DC area. It looks like the two sides are willing to settle, and I bet the terms of the proposed settlement will surprise you!

May 2004 - The US District Court has approved the terms of the settlement of the Washington DC area lawsuit regarding captioned movies. Here's an update!

October 2004 - What a great idea! An open-captioned film festival! Sponsored by InSight Cinema and Krikorian Premiere Theatres, the event lasts all weekend at two southern California theaters. 

October 2004 - Yup, there's nothing like a good captioned movie at the drive-in. . . . .  At the drive-in, you say? ? ? ?    Yup! ! !

January 2005 - Captioning may be the preferred method of communications access at movies. But don't forget that ALDs can be helpful, as well. Here's Steve Barber with lots of great information on how everyone can help use this neglected resource.

March 2005 - If you were trying to establish movie captioning policy for New Jersey, one of the first things you'd do is include inputs from the hearing loss community. Right? Seems the NJ Attorney General is opposed to that idea!

April 2005 - Apparently satisfied with the proposed resolution, the Coalition for Movie Captioning (CMC) has withdrawn its request to intervene in the NJ movie captioning lawsuit.

August 2005 - Wonder why we're seeing more captioned movies lately? Want to know what you can do to get more in your area? Cheryl Heppner's wonderful article on the SHHH Convention Panel on Movie Captioning is likely just what you're looking for!

March 2006 - Here's the latest on the New Jersey discrimination complaint against Regal Theaters.

July 2006 - Closed Captioning for Movie Theaters

September 2006 - WGBH's MoPix(r) system wins daVinci Award

October 2006 - Department of Education and NAD Renew Captioned Movie Program

December 2006 - AMC chain is sued in bias case

March 2007 - Movies - Any Time, Anywhere, Any Seat

September 2007 - I-Caption device aids hearing-impaired patrons at Adler Planetarium

December 2007 - Woman raises money for movie captioning

February 2008 - All Movies Need Captions

May 2008 - Insight Cinema Shuts Down

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Tripod Captioned Movies Available in Australia

May 2001

The National Working Party on Captioning in Australia has announced that open captioned films from Tripod will soon be available in Australia. This action greatly increases movie access for Australia's 1.7 million people with hearing loss, who have had extremely limited movie access.

Australia's three major film distributors are committed to showing the captioned films as near to their release dates as possible. The films will initially be screened in Australia's major cities, including Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Brisbane and Perth. Availability will eventually be expanded to smaller markets. Up to 50 films each year are available from Tripod.

The availability of open captioned films is the result of a complaint by Dr John Byrne of the Deafness Council of Western Australia. In response the Human Rights and Equal Opportunities Commission convened a forum that included representatives of deaf organizations, captioning organizations, and film distributors. After exploring various captioning options, the forum decided on open captions (as opposed to closed captions) because that technology requires no modifications to existing theater equipment.

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Britain Tests DTS-CSS Captioning System

September 2001

Editor: Last year we reported on a new captioning system from Digital Theater Systems (DTS). Called the Cinema Subtitling System (CSS), it projects captions directly onto the screen instead of etching them onto the film. It is thus a closed captioning system that allows the film to be displayed with or without captions, as opposed to an open captioning system, in which the captions are a permanent part of the film, and cannot be removed. Also, because the captions are entirely separate from the film, captions in multiple languages can be provided, with the movie theater selecting the language to be displayed. The system also provides for audio description for people with vision loss. 

Here are portions of the press release.

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The UK cinema industry has decided to trial a digital subtitle system - the DTS-CSS Cinema Subtitling System (prototype). The trials are scheduled to take place this summer in cinemas around the country.

The system planned for the UK is a combination disc player and projector that projects the subtitles/captions onto the screen, and broadcasts audio description through headphones.

Separate CD-ROM discs with subtitles/caption and audio description information still need to be produced and supplied to cinemas with the film. Although most major US releases nowadays include this information, the digital system currently in use there (Rear Window) is not the same format as the one planned for the UK

But even though the 'systems' are different, they both use the same innovative DTS technology. The DTS-CSS projects bitmap files, unlike the Rear Window, but these files can easily be reformatted to suit different systems.

Film studios are beginning to produce subtitles/captions and audio description at an early stage in the film making process, as these same files can be used at a later date for video, DVD and TV formats.

Whilst digital technology trials are taking place in the UK, screenings of 'open' captioned films, like the recent Hannibal film, will be continued. More films, and more copies of them are expected.

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AMC Adds Captioned Films to Website

February 2002

Editor: Those of you who live near an AMC theater that shows captioned films can now access the film schedule on the AMC Theater website. Here are portions of the Tripod Captioned Film's press release with complete instructions on how to get the information.

Oh yeah, and something about free popcorn!

Contact information for AMC Theaters and Tripod Captioned Films, including their website information, is available in the AMC Listing and Tripod Listing in our Resource Directory.

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AMC Theaters has added Tripod Captioned Films to their website. Now you obtain show times a full 7 days in advance for the open captioned
showing of a popular film in your area at an AMC Theatre.

There are several ways to access the site:

1) Go directly to the AMC site: http://www.amctheatres.com

2) Go to the Tripod Captioned Films site; find the film you wish to see: http://www.tripod.org. After you find the film go back to the Captioned Films home page and go to theatre links. Click on "Links to theatres" and then find AMC Theatres.weblink.

Once you get to the AMC site, choose the area in which you live in (i.e. Los Angeles) Now choose the specific theatre where the Tripod Captioned Films is playing (i.e. Burbank Media Center 8). Then click the film title you know is booked at the theatre and then the day. The open captioned Showtime will be designated by an asterisk (*).

Remember, the times will only be listed for the 7 days in advance and they will be updated each day.

We know that this added benefit will be of tremendous help to all of our TCF patrons. Our sincerest "Thanks!!" to AMC for their continued support of Tripod Captioned Films!

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Movie Captioning Lawsuit Settlement

January 2004

You may be aware of a class action lawsuit regarding captioning in the Washington, DC area. The suit was initiated by deaf and hard of hearing people against two large movie theater chains. A proposed settlement has just been reached, and it will, if approved, greatly increase the availability of captioning in the Washington, DC area. While the theater chains admitted no wrongdoing, they did agree to add Rear Window captioning capabilities to several theaters and to pay plaintiffs' attorneys' fees.

This result will hopefully encourage theaters throughout the country to provide more captioned movies.

Here's a brief summary of the Notice of Proposed Settlement. For a more comprehensive summary, please point your browser to http://www.lawyers.com/simeoneandmiller/MovieTheaterSettlement.jsp

The plaintiffs claim that the two movie theater chains, AMC Entertainment, Inc. ("AMC") and Loews Cineplex Entertainment Corporation ("Loews"), are violating the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) by failing to make movies accessible to people with hearing loss.

The settlement calls for each chain to add Rear Window Captioning (RWC) capabilities to one screen in each of six theaters in the Metro Washington, DC area within 2 years after the court approves the settlement agreement, and to install RWC capabilities for one screen in any newly built theaters. The settlement also requires AMC and Loews to advertise the RWC movies in both newspapers and movie websites. Finally, the settlement calls for AMC and Loews to pay $260,000 for Plaintiffs' attorneys' fees and expenses.

The court will provide an opportunity for people to comment on the proposed settlement and will conduct a Fairness Hearing to determine if the proposed settlement is fair and reasonable. The Fairness Hearing is scheduled for April 1st, and written statements from those who oppose part of all of the proposed settlement are due by March 12. Following the Fairness Hearing, the court will decide whether or not to approve the proposed settlement.

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AMC chain is sued in bias case

December 2006

Impaired not accommodated, Arizona says

Arizona is suing one of the nation's largest theater chains, accusing it of discrimination against those with visual and audio impairments. In a lawsuit filed in Maricopa County Superior Court, the state Attorney General's Office charges that AMC Entertainment Inc. is violating laws that require places of public accommodation to ensure that people with disabilities are not excluded. The lawsuit says AMC does not offer a sufficient number of movie screens that provide captioning for the deaf and descriptive audio services for the blind. Full Story

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I-Caption device aids hearing-impaired patrons at Adler Planetarium

September 2007

Thanks to a new device developed specifically for the Adler Planetarium, hearing-impaired patrons now can enjoy theater programs at the museum. The PDA-type device allows for simultaneous closed captioning and film viewing, theater manager Mark Webb said. "We needed a system that we could update ourselves and that could handle multiple programs," Webb said. "This system has been used before, but this is the first time it's being used in a situation where there is more than one show at a time," he said. The three shows now at the planetarium are Egyptian Nights: Secrets of the Sky Gods, Black Holes: The Other Side of Infinity and TimeSpace. Adler staffers create captions for the films and time them so they are synchronized with the soundtrack. "It sounds more difficult than it is," Webb said.  Full Story

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Woman raises money for movie captioning

December 2007

I don't know what it was about this article, but it really set me off. It's a pretty upbeat story of a woman who wanted to have access to movies, so she set out to raise $12,500 to donate to a movie theater so they could install Rear Window Captioning. The vast majority of movie theaters do NOT provide any access for people with hearing loss. But I guess it took the actions of this woman to make me realize just how wrong this whole situation is.  Full Story

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All Movies Need Captions

February 2008

Every time I see a commercial for "Juno" on TV I'm reminded that I need to wait about six more months until I see it. I was born profoundly deaf, so if I see a movie in the theater, it's exactly like watching a TV program on mute. Usually I wait it out and buy the film on DVD and enjoy the captioning or subtitled feature. Current laws require all DVDs and TV shows of a national scale to be captioned as part of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Because of this law, physically handicapped people have wheelchair access to all movie theaters and have designated parking spots in lots that exceed a certain size. Unfortunately, making the movies in theaters accessible to the deaf and hard-of-hearing community is not as simple as providing handicapped access.  Full Story