Volume 41 Issue 5

HOH-LD-News
Vol. 41, Issue 5
October 31, 2009

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Table of Contents
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- Article 1: Digital Television Transition Forum - Part Two

- Article 2: Scientists Show How Tiny Cells Deliver Big Sound in Cochlea

- Article 3: Audiologists who "Get it" Promoting Hearing Loops

- Article 4: Short Takes

Our advertisers make it possible for us to provide HOH-LD-News as a free service. Please let them know you appreciate their support, and please mention that you saw their message in HOH-LD-News.

- Advertisers in this Issue
First Premium Placement:
YOUR AD HERE
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Start Shopping Early and Save!
Third Premium Placement:
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Classified Section:
One Online Store and five Employment Opportunities

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Contact information and disclaimers are at the end of this newsletter.
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- Article 1: Digital Television Transition Forum - Part Two
By Cheryl Heppner
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Editor: Folks who are interested in the technical side of hearing loss solutions love the biennial TDI Convention. Cheryl Heppner hosted a Digital Television Transition Forum at the 2009 convention, and it was every bit as informative as you would expect it to be. And she wrote it up so we could all benefit from it!

This is Part Two of Five Parts

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Ann Bobeck, Senior Vice President and Deputy General Counsel
National Association of Broadcasters

Ann Bobeck serves on the FCC's Consumer Advisory Committee. She's the daughter of a local resident who is hard of hearing, and as a result she knows firsthand about the problems of accessing captioning. From finding how to turn on captioning with the remote control to trying to figure out how to access the captioning through playback, or reading about navigating HDMI, Ann has learned it can be very daunting and frustrating.

She found that it took lot of time and patience to work with broadcast engineers and learn why there are so many technical challenges with captioning. Broadcasters, however, recognize that it's their public interest and responsibility as well as good business sense to make sure that captioning works for the estimated 30 to 37 million people who are deaf or hard of hearing.

The National Association of Broadcasters (NAB) is doing several things to meet the technical challenges head on. They have done member education. They are supportive of a streamlined consumer complaint process with a central database or email or phone number where consumers can easily learn where to report a complaint with captioning and stations can more quickly respond. Although the FCC's proposed new rules were still being reviewed by the Office of Management and Budget at this time, the NAB went ahead and sent a reminder to its members to update their complaint process. Suggestions for best practices for education at the stations are welcome.

Graham Jones, who is the NAB representative on the technical working group, is the author of the go-to guidelines for broadcast engineers on how to implement 608 and 708 captioning. This is up for final ballot and comments to help refine how broadcasters disseminate captioning. It's hoped that the guidelines will reduce technical glitches. Graham is also heading one of the subgroups of the task force to identify unsolved problems.

Andy Scott, Vice President of Engineering
National Cable and Telecommunications Association

Andy, along with his colleagues, spends a great deal of time working on closed captioning with members of the National Cable and Telecommunications Association (NCTA). He pointed out that two aspects of captioning are producing the captions and sending them. Then there are cable operators whose responsibility is to pass the captions on to the consumer. He feels a huge amount of effort is being made to ensure the captions are right. The NCTA welcomes the opportunity to improve captioning.

Along with the broadcast and electronics industries, the cable industry has spent hundreds of hours for months and months to prepare for the digital transition. Cable companies not only carry the broadcast digital services but also in some cases convert some digital signals back to analog for certain customers.

Andy said that he understands how frustrating it can be to call a cable operator and get a customer service representative who has to pass the question on. Right now a lot of education is going on for members of the NCTA to make sure they have the right processes in place and that any captioning complaints are steered to the right person for quick response and resolution.

The cable industry is also taking a fresh look at how "this evil device at the end of the chain" - the set-top box -- is designed. They are giving more focus to making access to the captioning capabilities as intuitive as it can be.

Brian Markwalter, Vice President of Technology
Consumer and Electronics Association

Brian is one of the many individuals in the consumer electronics industry who worked on the digital TV transition for a long time. He found it to be an amazing public/private partnership. Some good work done early in the planning stage was the collaboration with broadcasters to define some of the minimum capabilities of the converter boxes and submit a proposal to make it reality. That proposal included captions. In 2008-2009, approximately 43 million converter boxes are expected to be sold and in the same time frame, about 66 million digital televisions. Every one of these products is ready to receive, decode and display broadcast captions.

Brian said that the examples of captioning problems that Pam showed in her home movie clips are important. Sometimes what's hard is to figure out exactly what's going wrong with the captioning. To do so will require getting good data such as knowing how the consumer's equipment was configured, what was being sent, and what consumer is seeing on the screen. Brian is also on the FCC's technical working group and he hopes that it will get data that can be taken apart down at the bit level to figure out where the caption problems are - whether in creating, encoding, transmitting, receiving, or decoding.

Going digital has freed up spectrum for public safety and given broadcasters multiple channels, Brian pointed out. It has also given viewers fantastic pictures and new capabilities with captions. The flip side is that with all of these options there are choices in implementing them that have led to problems with interoperability. CEA has the 708 standard that defines what digital captions are to be like, a change from the original 608 captions. Captions now have a richer environment and better experience but that can lead to problems. We no longer have a television and antenna with just questions of whether the broadcaster sent the broadcast right and the TV decoded it right. Now there are set-top boxes in between and sometimes we are viewing broadcasts that these boxes recorded.

CAPTIONING STANDARDS

Pam Holmes (Consumer):

Ann mentioned that 608 and 708 final standards will be coming out. I would like to hear when they will actually be implemented.

Ann Bobeck, National Association of Broadcasters (NAB):

The guideline that I referred to is the broadcasters' operating manual. It's just a revision of the guidelines. Every few months we take a hard look to see how we can improve it. This is just setting and refining those standards. Good engineers don't just take one sent of comments. They take multiple rounds of edits, which are called putting it out for ballot. We are now in the final ballot so it will be circulated in the next few weeks. A key part of reducing technical glitches will be taking practical knowledge of what we've identified and educating our members.

Brian Markwalter, (Consumer Electronics Association)

There are at least two organizations that do standards. CEA does standards that apply to consumer equipment. We were the authors of CEA 608 which defined analog captioning. That standard is incorporated in the FCC rules. CEA 708 is the digital equivalent. What Ann mentioned is the SMPTE (Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers) standard which applies to how captions are handled in production to "get them out the door" correctly. I believe most in the industry would say that CEA 608 and 708 are stable. We updated the standards a few years ago. In looking at some of the captioning problems what we will search for are interpretation problems, not standards problems.

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(c)2009 by Northern Virginia Resource Center for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Persons (NVRC), 3951 Pender Drive, Suite 130, Fairfax, VA 22030; www.nvrc.org. 703-352-9055 V, 703-352-9056 TTY, 703-352-9058 Fax. You do not need permission to share this information, but please be sure to credit NVRC.

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- Article 2: Scientists Show How Tiny Cells Deliver Big Sound in Cochlea
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Editor: Do you think we'll ever understand EVERYTHING about how we hear? I used to think we pretty much knew how it all happened. But I see articles all the time that explain new discoveries that reveal critical processes in hearing. Here's the latest from researchers at Johns Hopkins.

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Deep in the ear, 95 percent of the cells that shuttle sound to the brain are big, boisterous neurons that, to date, have explained most of what scientists know about how hearing works. Whether a rare, whisper-small second set of cells also carry signals from the inner ear to the brain and have a real role in processing sound has been a matter of debate.

Now, reporting on rat experiments in the Oct. 22 issue of Nature, a Johns Hopkins team says it has, for what is believed to be the first time, managed to measure and record the elusive electrical activity of the type II neurons in the snail-shell-like structure called the cochlea. And it turns out the cells do indeed carry signals from the ear to the brain, and the sounds they likely respond to would need to be loud, such as sirens or alarms that might be even be described as painful or traumatic.

The researchers say they've also discovered that these sensory cells get the job done by responding to glutamate released from sensory hair cells of the inner ear. Glutamate is a workhorse neurotransmitter throughout the nervous system and it excites the cochlear neurons to carry acoustic information to the brain.

"No one thought recording them was even possible," says Paul A. Fuchs, Ph.D., the John E. Bordley Professor of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and co-director of the Center for Sensory Biology in the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and a co-author of the report. "We knew the type II neurons were there and now at last we know something about what they do and how they do it."

Working with week-old rats, neuroscience graduate student Catherine Weisz removed live, soft tissue from the fragile cochlea and, guided by a powerful microscope, touched electrodes to the tiny type II nerve endings beneath the sensory hair cells. Different types of stimuli were used to activate sensory hair cells, allowing Weisz to record and analyze the resulting signals in type II fibers.

Results showed that, unlike type I neurons which are electrically activated by the quietest sounds we hear, and which saturate as sounds get louder, each type II neuron would need to be hit hard by a very loud sound to produce excitation, Fuchs says.

The cell bodies of both type I and type II neurons sprout long filaments, or axons that head to the brain, and some others that connect to sensory hair cells. Unlike the big type I neurons, each of which make one little sprout that touches one sensory hair cell in one spot, the type II cells have projections that contact dozens of hair cells over a relatively great distance.

"Somewhat counter-intuitively, the type II cell that contacts many hair cells receives surprisingly little synaptic input," Fuchs says.
"In fact, all of its many contacts put together yield less input than that provided by the one single hair cell touching a type I neuron."

Fuchs and his team postulate that the two systems may serve different functional roles. "There's a distinct difference between analyzing sound to extract meaning - Is that a cat meowing, a baby crying or a man singing? - versus the startle reflex triggered by a thunderclap or other sudden loud sound." Type II afferents may play a role in such reflexive withdrawals from potential trauma."

This study was supported by the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, and a grant from the Blaustein Pain Foundation of Johns Hopkins.

Authors on the paper are Fuchs, Weisz and Elisabeth Glowatzki, all of the Center for Hearing and Balance and the Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

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- Article 3: Audiologists who "Get it" Promoting Hearing Loops
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Editor: Pretty much anyone who's ever used a hearing loop is a big supporter of the technology. It's inexpensive and very effective. Dave Myers, who has been instrumental in promoting the adoption of loops throughout the country, recently sent the following email to one of the hearing loss lists. I asked permission to share it with you, and he graciously agreed. You can find out more about Dave and his Loop initiatives at www.davidmyers.org or www.hearingloop.org .

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Santa Rosa's Kenwood Hearing Solutions, an audiology practice owned by Bill and Christine Diles, today received an award from the Sonoma County Mayors' Committee on Employment of People with Disabilities for "Innovative Media and Technology." In addition to looping a number of bank teller stations, churches, and community facilities, Kenwood provides home TV room installations-10 to 15 a month, in more than 1600 homes to date-with the purchase of new hearing aids. With their hearing aids now also serving as customized loudspeakers, the result has been many happy patients, fewer returns of hearing aids, and new word-of-mouth patient referrals.

Other audiologists also are integrating hearing loops into their practices. Hearing Journal monthly columnist Gyl Kasewurm, owner of a large southwest Michigan audiology practice, has similarly initiated loop installations in her community and reports that "Due to the positive feedback we have received, we are now including Loop Systems at no additional charge with the purchase of new hearing aids!"

Audiologist Peg Simon and her engineer husband Terry Simon now own Wireless Hearing Solutions, which is conducting training seminars for hearing professionals nationwide on how to integrate hearing loops into their practices.

Wisconsin audiologist Juliette Sterkens and her engineer husband LeRoy ("Max") Maxfield have formed a company that is introducing hearing loops across their state. Juliette also is reaching out to other hearing professionals and audio firms, and has speaking engagements to come at audiologists' meetings.

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- Article 4: Short Takes
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Editor: Here are our picks of some additional stories that you may find interesting. For more, please point your browser to: http://www.hearinglossweb.com/news/curr.htm

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Audiologists Should Educate Patients' Caregivers

Hearing and understanding are ultimate challenges in everyday life, often made more difficult by the medical and physical challenges of aging. Paraphrasing Bette Davis: "Getting old isn't for wimps." As a result, it is important for audiologists to listen to patients' communication needs while guiding them to upgrade their hearing aids or to consider cochlear implants. That said, it is important to remember that caring for older hearing-impaired patients isn't for wimps either. As people age, they often progress to more controlled living styles, such as assisted care and long-term care, and it is vital that the caregivers in these facilities receive proper education on their patients' hearing needs. By helping caregivers understand hearing technology and devices, audiologists not only can ensure optimum care for their patients but also strengthen relationships with local care facilities.

http://tinyurl.com/yae2fus

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Earmolds: Practical Considerations to Improve Performance in Hearing Aids

Here's a great article on earmolds! It covers pretty much any aspect of the topic that might interest you. The authors' basic premise is that understanding and manipulating earmolds is still an important and effective way to improve hearing aid performance; that tweaking the various parameters of modern digital hearing aids can't do it all!

http://tinyurl.com/yh42bcl

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Assistance Dogs Help People with Hearing Loss

Ray Dobson and the dog he now calls Goblin both had a problem. The little mixed-breed who was rescued from the streets of Puerto Rico needed a home. Dobson, of Orleans, Mass., was losing his hearing. "My wife saw me kind of dropping out," he says. "As people get deafer they get more anti-social." Both problems were solved when man and dog were brought together by the National Education for Assistance Dog Service, which trains dogs from shelters to assist the hearing impaired. Based in Princeton, Mass., NEADS has placed more than 1,300 hearing dogs all over the country since 1976. Goblin does for Dobson what his digital hearing aid can't.

http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory?id=8928338

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- Classifieds
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One Online Store and five Employment Opportunities (Ads appear after this brief table of contents.)

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Employment Opportunity 2
Teaching Positions at GSD
Georgia School for the Deaf
Cave Spring, GA

Employment Opportunity 3
Co-Science Directors, Science of Learning Center on Visual Language and Visual Learning
Gallaudet University
Washington, DC

Employment Opportunity 4
Director of Employment Services
Corliss Institute, Inc.
Warren, RI

Employment Opportunity 5
Director of Student Admissions
The Pennsylvania School for the Deaf
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Employment Opportunity 1
Exciting Career Opportunities at GLAD
Various Southern California Locations
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Exciting Career Opportunities at GLAD

GLAD is an Affirmative Action Employer with equal opportunity for men, women and people with disabilities. For more information on the following positions, please go to: www.gladinc.org. The status of all positions is: Regular, Full-time, Non-Exempt, Full Fringe Benefits unless otherwise noted. All positions are open until filled.

* Job Developer/Interpreter - Pacoima, CA
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If interested for any of these positions then please submit resume and application to:

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Fax #: (323)550-4204
E-mail: jfetterman@gladinc.org

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Employment Opportunity 2
Teaching Positions at GSD
Georgia School for the Deaf
Cave Spring, GA
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Position 1
High School Math Teacher

Minimum Qualifications: Must possess or be eligible to obtain Georgia Professional Standards Commission Certification in the area of Special Education Deaf Education AND High School Math. Sign language proficiency at the "Intermediate Level" as measured by the Sign Communication Proficiency Instrument is required. Note: Candidates selected for employment must meet the "Highly Qualified" provision of the federal No Child Left Behind Act. Note: Must submit required certification documentation with resume and cover letter or application.

For Additional Information:
http://www.hearinglossweb.com/res/emp/gsd_math.htm

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Position 2
Substitute Teacher (Part-Time/Hourly)

Minimum Qualifications: High School Diploma or GED and four hours of initial substitute teacher training provided by a local education agency in Georgia and sign language proficiency at the "Intermediate Level" as measured by the Sign Communication Proficiency.

For Additional Information:
http://www.hearinglossweb.com/res/emp/gsd_sub.htm

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Employment Opportunity 3
Co-Science Directors, Science of Learning Center on Visual Language and Visual Learning
Gallaudet University
Washington, DC
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The Center for Visual Language and Visual Learning (VL2) at Gallaudet University is seeking two co-Science Directors to lead a large collaborative effort in research involving visual language and visual learning. VL2 is a Science of Learning Center (SLC), one of six SLCs funded by the National Science Foundation. Funded in 2006, VL2 currently supports over 30 interdisciplinary research projects, located across 10 different universities, including two international universities. Projects include neuroimaging studies of reading and visual language development, cognitive and behavioral studies of language development and literacy among deaf individuals, and socio-cultural developmental studies of early visual language and literacy practices in families and schools. The VL2 Center's budget is approximately $4 million per year; we are currently preparing our renewal application for an additional five years of funding (2011-2016).

We are seeking science leaders who will bring groundbreaking research to the Gallaudet campus in areas compatible with the ongoing work of VL2. Due to the large scope and bilingual nature (English and American Sign Language) of our research, we seek two scientists to lead our evolving work. One of directors must have a strong background in research with deaf persons and be fluent in American Sign Language. The other director must have a willingness and enthusiasm to learn ASL on the job. The Co-Science Directors will work alongside the Principal Investigator in overseeing the scientific activities of the Center. As tenure-line faculty members at Gallaudet University, the Co-Directors will play an integral role in the educational activities of VL2 and the University promoting the scholarly and professional development of deaf and hard-of-hearing researchers.

VL2 can provide significant resources to the new Directors. It is situated in the new Sorenson Language and Communication Center on the Gallaudet campus. It has partnerships with nine other universities (including, locally, Georgetown University) that may provide access to facilities and human resources to support research efforts.

Each Co-Science Director, a mid- to senior-career level individual, must have a PhD. or equivalent in Linguistics, Psychology, Education, Cognitive Neuroscience or related field; a distinguished record of research publications and of grant funding; experience in center-based research activities, and a commitment to collaborative, inter-disciplinary, team-based research. As noted, a first or second language fluency in American Sign Language and knowledge of Deaf culture are required for one of the two positions. Salary: dependent on rank and experience.

Send a cover letter, CV, and the names and addresses for three references to:

Dr. Thomas E. Allen, PI
Science of Learning Center on Visual Language and Visual Learning
Gallaudet University
SLCC 1223
800 Florida Ave, NE
Washington, DC, 20002
Email: thomas.allen@gallaudet.edu
Website: VL2.gallaudet.edu
Phone: 202-651-5866

We will begin reviewing applications on November 15, 2009. Positions will remain open till filled. Anticipated starting date: Summer, 2010.

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Employment Opportunity 4
Director of Employment Services
Corliss Institute, Inc.
Warren, RI
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Overall job function: Agency liaison for all client work and business functions. To structure the developing Program into 3 separate services. To oversee Project staffing and performance. To monitor and assess Department activities/goals, and to research additional options. To assure that the Program services and goals result in meaningful work in settings that are not segregated or sheltered. This position reports to the Executive Director.

Requirements: M.A. desired, B.A. minimum. Experience with State Rehabilitation agency procedures/policies for Supported Work. Knowledge of deaf adults with developmental disabilities, fluency in ASL required/capacity to gain these skills. PR/networking skills with employers, state and private employment groups and others. Business skills and supervisory experience as well as ability to assess viability in the areas of client need, project viability (revenue, expenses, etc.) and public response. Excellent writing skills, familiarity with Word, Excel and basic programs, and the ability to be productive in team and independent settings.

Examples of Job Duties:
1. Works with Executive Director, Senior Team and funders/partners to develop and refine Program.
2. Recruits and interviews needed consultants, staff, interns and volunteers.
3. Develops sales initiatives, customers, jobs and related Program components through research, email, phone/videophone/TTY and attendance at various events.
4. Develops Program promotional materials and events for increasing public and consumer use.
5. Liaison to external entities.
6. Internal and formal Reports other documents to track Program progress and outcomes.
7. Program and expenditure reports, revenue projections and other documents.
8. Other duties as determined by supervisor/agency need.

This is a full-time exempt position, and includes full agency fringe and benefits. Salary - high $40's. Limited relocation funds. Position funded for one year; contingent upon generated revenue.

Cover letter/resume to:
Jean Moniz, Director of HR
Corliss Institute, Inc.
290 Main Street
Warren, RI 02885
jmoniz@corliss.org
FAX to: 401-245-8023

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Employment Opportunity 5
Director of Student Admissions
The Pennsylvania School for the Deaf
Philadelphia, PA
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This is a full-time 12-month position. At least a Master's Degree in Psychology or related field. Possess proficiency in sign language. Supervise a full array of clinical student/family support services. Collaborate with LEAs and families regarding enrolment and coordinate the PDE approval process. Coordinate the scheduling and completion of Biannual and Triennial multidisciplinary evaluations ERs, IEPs and standardized school-wide assessment services. Collaborate on the transition to school age process and the ESY/Summer Program.

Deadline for submission is December 11, 2009.

Send letter of interest and resume/vitae to:
Jane Homka
Executive Secretary
The Pennsylvania School for the Deaf
100 W. School House Lane
Philadelphia, PA 19144
e-mail: jhomka@psd.org

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